Sanding wood floors by hand involves preparing the floor by removing existing finish, filling any gaps, and selecting the appropriate sandpaper. Various sanding techniques can be used, including orbital, belt, and hand sanding, depending on the wood type and condition. Safety precautions must be taken, including wearing protective gear and ensuring proper ventilation. Proper sanding requires the use of suitable sanding materials and techniques to achieve a smooth and even finish. Maintenance involves cleaning, protecting, and repairing the floor, using appropriate products based on the wood type and desired finish. Factors to consider before sanding include the condition of the flooring, moisture levels, and desired finish.